The Four Functions of Management Essay -- essays research papers

The Four Functions of ManagementManagement is the process of working with opposite and capital to achieve judicatureal goals. Also circumspection is defining as creative problem solving. This creative problem solving is accomplished through the four functions of management planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The intended result is the use of an organizations resources in a way that finish its mission and objectives. Every good manager, supervisor or leader does those tings both effectively and efficiently.At the present time in MEDDAC-Japan the organization in which I am employ, is working to reorganize some the way they offers services to the military community. Very interesting it is to see as the four functions of management in action. In the business world today, the great executives not only adapt to changing conditions but also apply fanatically, rigorously, consistently and with discipline the perfect management principles. These primitives include the four tr aditional functions of management. They remain as relevant as ever, and they still provide the fundamentals that are needed in star ups as much as in established corporations.Management success is expanding through accomplishment of mission and objectives of the organization. Managers and leaders fail when they do not achieve mission and objectives established. Success and failure are attached in a straight line to the reasons for being in business, mission and objectives. On the other hand, accomplishing mission and objectives is not enough. Success requires equally effectiveness and efficiency. Managers, leaders and supervisor who achieve their mission and objectives are believed to be effective. Efficiency describes the connection between the amount of money of resources used (the input) and the amount to which objectives were accomplished (the output). However, management is complete only if the manager or team leader has become familiar with the specific situation in which he or she can develop and applied each one of the four function of management.The FunctionsPlanningPlanning is specifying the objective to be achieved and deciding in advance the correct action needed for the team or company to achieve those goals. Also is concerned with the future impact of todays decisions. Planning is a fundamental function of management from which the other three stem. The need for plann... ...nsult your people.5. Define clearly the responsibilities being delegated to each person. Explain what is expected of the person and the bounds of their authority. Be trustworthy agreement is reached where the person can function freely.6. Give accurate and honest feedback.7. Really delegate. Most responsible people do not appreciate individual looking over their shoulder, kibitzing, or taking back parts of their assignment before they have a chance to do it. 8. Stress the importance of evaluation. You moldiness not overlook the need to evaluate and measure the extent to wh ich your actions conformed to your plans, if the plans went well, or if the original plans were appropriate and worthwhile.ReferencesU.S. Department of the Army. Army Headquarters. (1999, August) FM 22-100 ArmyLeadership Be, Know, Do. Retrieved may 27, 2005, from https//akocomm.us.army.mil/usapa/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_aa/pdf/fm22_100.pdfBateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2004). Management the New Competitive Landscape.New York McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Business e-Coach. (2005). Decentralization and Delegation. Retrieved May 27, 2005,from http//www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/mgmt_decentralzation_delegation.html.

How Safe Are Mobile Phones? :: essays research papers fc

Millions of people own a mobile phone these days, and ever since they have been around scientists question the fact of they are safe or not. Do they ca ingestion tumors, earaches, mercury poisoning? All these health risks are mentioned in every article I found. But nowhere could I view anything that was sure if mobiles did cause all of the above. This is where science fails us. The problem is that mobile phones are still too new to know the long-term effects on human. expeditious phones give of a radiation of radio frequency round 10MHz to 300Ghz. But so do another(prenominal) appliances. Why does mobiles especially get put in the picture of being hazardous? Soon it will be clear whether the radio frequency emissions from mobiles cause health effect.Drivers who use there mobiles whilst driving are the only health risk that can be try outn, the drivers get distracted and lose control over the vehicle. Technology invented something for this, hands-free sets. But now the question is do those hands free sets really solve the problem? Researchers now are looking at if the hands free sets dont cause other problems. A report from the magazine which? said that hands free kits raised levels if radiation to the head from mobile phones by up to three and a half(a) times. The consumer association immediately stressed that it had done no research into this whether this radiation could cause damage to the brain. That just proves that whenever there has been research a report is released to prove that research wrong. Probably is done not to cause any chaos. Mobiles are said to cause brain tumors, they say this because there was found to be much tumors of the same kind amongst mobile phone users. Mobiles cause memory loss, radiation sickness. Mobiles can disturb your sleep pattern, according to the researchers from the university of Zurich, mobile phones increases brain activity during our sleep. A really strange result of the use of mobile phones is that mobile phones can release the poisonous mercury from fillings causation brain damage, scientist say this is due to the galvanizing fields given off by mobile phones can activate the mercury, giving off a gas. The fumes attach the nervous system causing conditions from depression, asthma to Alzheimers disease and multiple sclerosis.Some studies have suggested links between Radio frequency radiation and lymphoma, microwaves and memory loss, mobile phone use and a rare type of brain cancer, mobile phone radiation and DNA destruction, and mobile phone use and damaged scalp nerves

Synthetic and Natural Rubber Essay -- Comparison Material Rubber

Synthetic and Natural RubberAbstractRubber is an central resource with a wide variety of applications. It can be obtainednaturally from the coat tree, Hevea brasiliensis. It can also be synthesized from petroleum andnatural gas. twain natural and synthetic rubbers have their own advantages and disadvantages.Natural rubber is made up the linear chain polymer, cis-l,4-polyisoprene. Styrene-butadienerubber (SBR) is the most common synthetic rubber. It is a random copolymer of styrene andbutadiene and has good physical properties once it has been strengthened through vulcanization.IntroductionRubber is an elastomer that can be obtained naturally from certain trees or synthesizedfrom petroleum and natural gas. 1 It is a valuable resource that is commonly used in tires,machine belting, wire insulation, and shoe soles. Rubber is created naturally, most commonly bythe rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis .1 There be many different types of synthetic rubberincluding isoprene, butadiene, polysu lfides, polychloroprene, nitrile rubber, and styrenebutadienerubber. 3 There are advantages and disadvantages of both synthetic and naturalrubber.ResultsHevea trees are native to the Amazon region, but were brought to Asia, which is now thelargest producer of natural rubber. 1 Natural rubber is obtained by a process called tapping. 2 Aknife is used to set close to a shallow cut in the tree to allow latex to flow freely and be collected in acup.2 A champion tapping yields about 50 grams of rubber and usually occurs once every two days.2 Natural rubber can be produced at a rate of about 1 ton of rubber per acre per year. 2Natural rubber is the linear chain polymer, cis-l,4-polyisoprene. The polymer is ... ...lant Products. 7 Jan.1998. 29 July 2008.8 Rodgers, Brendan, Donald S. Tracey, and Walter H. Waddell. Biosynthesis of naturalrubber. digital image. EBSCOhost. Aug. 2005. 29 July 20084c49b0571e04%40sessionmgr7.9 Rodgers, Brendan, Donald S. Tracey, and Walter H. Waddell. Configur ation ofpolyisoprene molecule. Digital image. EBSCOhost. Aug. 2005. 29 July 20084c49b0571e04%40sessionmgr7.10 Copolymer random arrangement Styrene-butadiene copolymer. Digital image.Encyclopdia Britannica Online. 29 July 2008rubber-sbrdefault.

Feudal society in Champagne :: essays research papers

The fundamental institutions of medieval feudal society are something that many historians dedicate researched at great length. One of the best existing windows into medieval institutions, society, culture, and other matters, is Feudal Society in Medieval France Documents from the County of Champagne One of the sections contained in this digest of documents is on the Crusades. The documents contained in this section are of correspondence between various parties all pertaining to the Crusades. Contained in this subsection, there are eighteen different compositions pertaining to the crusades, their subjects vary widely as do the motivations of the authors. 1.Work by William of Tyre describing the Templars, a group of Knights whose sworn duty was to protect pilgrims to the holy cut and keep the routes safe for travel, besides known as the Knights of the Temple.2.Letter by Bernard of Clairvaux, in this letter he justifies the need for a monastic military order to protect the holy la nd and all pilgrims. He also writes this to show the benefit of knights who were out for nothing but protection of Christianity, instead of the usual Knights who were out for material gain and use protection of Christianity as an excuse. 3. Letter by Bernard of Clairvaux, to the Byzantine Emperor, Manuel Comneus, requesting that atomic number 1, the son of Count Thibaut II of Champagne, be granted a Knighthood by the Emperor. He brands this request to make an impression on Henry and most likely also in an effort to strengthen ties between the two powers. 4.Letter from Louis VII to Count Thibaut II, assess his son Henry. This letter was written as a peace offering to Thibaut, with whom Louis had had extensive prior conflict. 5.Letter by Bernard of Clairvaux, to Abbot Suger of Sait-Denis, reminding him of the Churchs forbidding of tournaments and alerting him to an upcoming one staged bye Robert, Louis brother, as a direct provocation that could lead to an attempt to seize the thr one. Bernard wants Suger to stop the tournament sooner it can happen. 6.Letter from Henry, son of Thibaut, to Abbot Suger, requesting a meeting to arrange the release of Anseric Lord of Montreal.7.Letter by Bernard of Clairvaux, to Countess Mathilda, in response to her son Henry the new successor for Count of Champagnes behavior towards her. 8.Statement by Josbert of La Ferte-sur-Aube giving his property to Clairvaux as part of his preparations for going on Crusade this also serves as a document proving title to the land.

Ernest Hemingway :: essays papers

Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway uses symbolism to friend the reader gain a better vista of how the protagonist feels in his story. Symbolism occurs when the author uses one thing to represent an other(a). This helps to give the reader a better idea of the situation or savour in a given scene. There are several types of symbolism utilized by authors. One type is conventional symbolism. Conventional symbolism is everyday to the area where the story takes place. While another type is personal which simply is closely tied to the individual. Still a third type of symbolism is universal, which mark off a widely understood meaning. As we examine Hills Like White Elephants we notice how Hemingway integrates both personal and conventional symbolism in order to help the reader relate to the situation. As the story begins the reader is thrust into the lives of two individuals who wait in a small bar for their train to come. The symbolism is unornamented as early as the descr iption of the setting when the introduction says, The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees. This scuttle statement describes the actual landscape and also describes the situation that the two characters face which is dismal and dark. The reader might possibly wonder about what the other side of the hill looks like. The opening sentence might also be used as conventional irony since the hills are local to the setting of the story. The opening description of the setting later goes onto say, the station was between two lines of rails in the sun. This also relays the current situation of the protagonist as macrocosm stuck between to sides. The reader experiences personal symbolism as the story advances. While focusing on her decision, she looks at her life says, Thats all we do isnt it-look at things and adjudicate new drinks. In this reflection, she is mentioning how monotonous her and her boyfriends lives are with no change and no responsibility. Apparently the boyfriend enjoys this way of life in that he is the one get-up-and-go her towards his way of thinking without openly appearing to push her. The editors express their feelings of the symbolism used by Hemingway in saying, Clearly the child begun in the girls womb is a white elephant(book Arp, 184).

Ernest Hemingway :: essays papers

Ernest Heming elbow room Ernest Hemingway uses symbolism to help the contributor gain a better perspective of how the booster feels in his story. Symbolism occurs when the author uses one thing to represent another. This helps to give the reader a better idea of the situation or feeling in a given scene. There are several types of symbolism utilized by authors. One type is conventional symbolism. Conventional symbolism is common to the vault of heaven where the story takes place. While another type is personal which simply is closely tied to the individual. Still a third type of symbolism is universal, which hold a widely understood meaning. As we examine Hills Like White Elephants we notice how Hemingway integrates both personal and conventional symbolism in order to help the reader relate to the situation. As the story begins the reader is thrust into the lives of two individuals who wait in a small bar for their train to come. The symbolism is evident as early as th e comment of the setting when the introduction says, The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this boldness there was no shade and no trees. This opening statement describes the actual landscape and also describes the situation that the two characters face which is dismal and dark. The reader might possibly wonder about what the other side of the hill looks like. The opening sentence might also be used as conventional irony since the hills are local to the setting of the story. The opening description of the setting later goes onto say, the station was betwixt two lines of rails in the sun. This also relays the current situation of the protagonist as being stuck between to sides. The reader experiences personal symbolism as the story advances. While focusing on her decision, she looks at her life says, Thats all we do isnt it-look at things and try untested drinks. In this reflection, she is mentioning how monotonous her and her boyfriends lives are with no change and no responsibility. Apparently the boyfriend enjoys this way of life in that he is the one pushing her towards his way of thinking without openly appearing to push her. The editors express their feelings of the symbolism used by Hemingway in saying, Clearly the child begun in the girls womb is a white elephant(book Arp, 184).

Professional Products Essay

Case plain 11. How does Accenture People site help Accenture better serve its customers? a. It helps in the sense that it makes the other people who are workings in other countries to help with getting information easier. They are able to share information easily of different projects and are able to communicate instantly rather than waiting. This leave alone help consumers with their output and they will receive things on age or even early.2. How successful do you think Accenture will be at getting its employees to create their profiles? b. I think Accenture will be very successful in getting their employees to create their profiles. This social network will be an easy use for every last(predicate) employees and will play a major role in communication between all the employees in all the different countries.3. Can you see any drawbacks related to employees creating their own profiles? c. One drawback that I see with employees creating profiles is lack of time. They will spend a lot of time just like people spend on Facebook and that can take time away from doing important things. This can delay production and projects.Case Study 21. How would you describe Professional Products growth strategy? a. I think that there strategy is very good. They hire enough people to get the clientele done and dont have to deal with the hardship of laying people off. They work enough so they dont overwork their employees.2. wherefore would Professional Products commit to no layoffs in its expansion? Is this a positive move, or could it be detrimental to the company? b. Because if the company is expanding in other countries because there needs to be workers that can look after the work of those workers and make sure the work is being done right. It will not be detrimental to the company because if they layoff employees and they are loaded with more work then they will let go of experienced employees which can be harmful to them3. In addition to training employees for othe r jobs, what other HR strategies might the firm employ to maintain its relationship with its domestic employees? c. They might try and send interpret employees from the U.S.A. to the other countries outsource them and work with them to make domestic employees more comfortable at what they do and need to be doing. They can also try retentiveness annual meetings at a center location and doing focus groups in order for all the employees around the world communicate with one another and learn everything together.

In this portfolio I will take you on the journey which I myself have travelled on throughout my IB theatre programme Essay

In this portfolio I will take you on the journey which I myself have travelled on end-to-end my IB theatre programme. Within this portfolio I will portray the processes which we as a assort went through in order to create our devised piece as well as how we applied our friendship and understanding from our go acrosss into our performance design.The StimuliOur production began with each member of the group producing a stimulus. Before presenting their appraisals we decided that we should individually analyse the stimuli and acquire what we as individuals could come up with. We did this before the member of the group voiced their themes on their chosen stimulus so that we had the opportunity to take the stimulus along different paths and elaborate different ideas and amalgamate them together. Belo is our stimulus and our ideas which we had on each.After having discussed the available options which included images, unison and objects of sentimental value we decided to use my st imuli. My stimulus was of a newspaper hold that had been widely distri merelyed throughout the UK.We then discussed the direction we wished to take with our chosen stimuli. We again split into different areas of the room to individually assess our dilemma. Be paltry is the mind chromosome mapping which I created at this time.After thorough discussion we agreed upon the concept of using a current affairs dilemma in order to work our own. Our group was fascinated by the political outrage that Iran had caused with America in regards to capital punishment on women.The Research and Development of the p give outThorough interrogation destinen how on the 20th September 2010 Iranian Government publicly accused the US of Double Standards in a newspaper article published in The Guardian. Centred on a 43 year old Iranian, Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani and a 43 year old American Theresa Lewis. Ashtiani was issued with capital punishment in 2007 later on it emerged that she had an illicit aff air with a man after the death of her husband in 2006 this was later revoked and she was charged with adultery, manslaughter and the murder of her husband. After heavy media attention in 2010 and the international campaigns lead by her children, the US decided to interfere. It was at this exhibit that the political and controversial debate introductory took form. Iran used the case of Theresa Lewis and the issues surrounding her low IQ of 72 in order label the US Government as a hypocrisy. As a group we decided to build upon the idea that this issue was now a well known moral dilemma in the eyes of the media and transfer this to our auditory modality.Preparation of rolesDue to a shortage in group members some people on role allocation ended up with multiple roles outside of casting. As a strong leader I was required to both direct and create our script. Other roles distributed included head of lighting, head of technology (computer, projections, music), Costume designer/set desi gner and also a physical campaign leader. After having directed a scene in both our performances of The Seagull Anton Chekhov and also our modernized performance of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet I had already gained experience on my course for this role. Previously I had directed a scene from The Seagull found upon the German movement in the 20th Century, Expressionism.I had began reviewing work from Georg Kaiser, Oskar Kokoschka and Ernst Toller whom were all highly influential playwrights. As I had already worked hard to gain understanding of this tradition I authentically hoped I would be able to use this experience. Following on from this I began thinking that maybe I could find a tradition for each country compound in order to uniquely hold my imagination to our piece. After thorough research however it was evident that Iran had non really adapted a special(prenominal) practice in order for us to carry out this desire. Whilst researching I stumbled across the book pictur ed below and I was struck with the wordsmost people do not speak of theater and Iran in the same breathBy Willem FloorBecause of this we decided to change tact and opt to symbolize the juxtaposition instead through lighting and theatrical production.The ScriptAs well as directing, my role was also to produce the script. After having seen a production of Willy Russells Blood Brothers I was fascinated by the narration used. Blood Brothers based upon the separation of dickens twin brothers at birth uses, a narrator to depict the play. I took inspiration from this and used the rhyming couplet format in order to symbolise the two women. Before penning the script we produced a bunk chart collectively annotating the main p divvy up and adding aspects of theatre which we had learnt on our journey. Below is a copy of our chart.After having an outline of things to be included in the script I began by listing all of the main things we wished the narrator to introduce in the play. We had a vision that the narrator would guide the play throughout through facts and that he would create a connection between the audience and the cast. Because of this the narrators actors line was conducted first in its entirety. From here it really entangle as though my script had a strong spine on which to build our piece. As our piece began with a police interview we wished to keep it at a very simplistic level of speech just like that of a real interview. We decided on stage direction so that the interviewer was not visible throughout leaving the actress playing Ashtiani alone on stage to symbolise how she was alone and not supported when interrogated.It was at this point that we reflected upon our past workshops based upon speech and theatrical forms in which we can convey speech. A workshop came to mind from the previous term where we had built upon the idea of a sound collage. A sound collage is where there is a build up of speech from multiple participants aimed at a particular s ubject. We decided that this would be a way of communicating to the audience a sense of anger or revolt because of this we attached it to the chart in relation to the campaign against Astianis strong belief as we felt this would have a strong effect. Another was that symbolism was used through my script writing was through Ashtiani and Lewis monologues again showing how they were both alone yet in the same situation. We began our course creating a one-person show based upon a real life event or experience which we had within our lives.Within my one-person show I had a vast majority of my speech presented as a monologue and I wished to transfer my cunning of producing monologues into our script. In order to create the monologues I first had to visualise the characters whom would be performing them. Because they were both real women I was able to complete a lot more thorough research into them gaining a better portrayal as them as individuals. From this I concentrated on themes and emotions which I wished to get across to my audience through the monologues. I learnt that Ashtiani and Lewis alike were very religious thus concentrated their monologues from a very philosophical and religious point of view however I still kept in mind that their two religions were very different and ensured that I kept the appropriate context throughout (e.g. Allah instead of God for Ashtiani).Whilst researching our depicted object we had found that there had been a lot of media attention on both cases and we wished to portray to the audience just how much the media had been involved also we cute to show them how much people are influenced by the media. For the section of our chart where we introduce Teresa Lewis an idea was formed so that she would be introduced through a television broadcast. I began this section of the script by visualising a news reporter sat at a desk within the audience speaking directly at them. This idea developed and led us to have some other(prenomina l) cast member as a journalist actually interviewing Lewis at her correction centre. The idea of another interview type dialogue was to portray the two womens disputes in the way they were universe interviewed and questioned.Allocating RolesTo begin with it was decided that it would be best to create a mindmap of suggested roles that would need to be filled in order to go ahead with the production. Below is a copy of our mind mapHowever we issued a hassle when it came to the casting of roles. As we only had two female members of our group we were automatically cast as the two women. This then left us with three males to loom a total of six casting roles because of this we had to organise ourselves in a way that allowed each male to cater to two parts without them conflicting. We managed to do this by using a theatre practice wisely after an idea emerged that the narrator would be in the style of a Bunraku puppet master the omozukai. We were first introduced to Bunraku puppetry b y our elder Baccalaureate students who provided us with a workshop. We decided that everything in the production should be under the narrators control like puppets would be in a way the narrator could be seen as the controlling governments holding the women for their crime. Introducing this style allowed for a lot of stylised movement pieces throughout our performance.CharacterisationAfter having been allocated our roles we wanted each cast member to fully understand their character whether it be an officer of the law, a journalist or one of the women themselves. We provided each member of the group with an image relating to their character Below is the image I was provided with along with how I answered certain questions given to me by my peers in order to develop my characterisation.It was at this point we experimented using a technique called hot seating in order to enhance characterisation. We each took it in turns to be questioned in character. Everybody found it highly sticky at first however after a few minutes everyone managed to get the hang of it. We also brought in aspects we had learnt from our workshop on Stanislavski in how to turn over his theories. We continued building on our characterisation by looking for resources. I found a particularly good resource online 2 from amnesty international which was not only personal but also highly emotive. In particular this helped me with my monologue as I was able to feel connected to my character in order to portray the appropriate emotions.There was a great discussion between the group as to whether we should apply accents or not. It was decided that we should not apply accents but that we should be highly expressive and use the gift of sound/speech in other more appropriate ways such as our sound collages.MovementFrom a very early stage of production I had a very vivid image of where I would ideally see the piece going in terms of movement. I really enjoyed both Kabuki theatre as well as improvised da nce. We tried to incorporate the two into the scene that the Iranian officials came to collect Ashtianis lover. We tried a lot of improvised movements however found that the final product was much disorganised and we really wanted this scene to be both memorable and pivotal so we decided to journey down another path.Further discussion led us onto tableaux however after a short workshop this idea was also disregarded on the ground that the scene should have a content of movement in order to emphasise the brutal separation of the lovers. From this we organised a lesson where we explored the idea of using creative movement on the basis of a fight. We choreographed a routine using levels to show who was in control and also pace to highlight certain features. In the end the product for this movement piece in my eyes was highly effective in the way it showed the lovers being torn apart by their government and law.MasksWhilst developing our first scene we had to identify the difference in authority to the audience. We also had to show the difference in characters through this method due to the males playing more than one character. After having workshops on masks previously we were aware that the purpose of masks in Greek theatre was to signify the unity of a chorus because of this we used them for our two Iranian officials as they had no speech during their time on stage. The idea of the masks was to create exaggerated facial features portraying the anger and authority associated with that scene yet at the same time entomb the actors true selves. The mask allowed us to show the contrast between the different levels of hierarchy within the scene as well as symbolise the isolation that the couple were feeling being faced with masked intruders.MusicWhen devising our piece it was decided that our piece required two pieces of music. There was one inevitable at the time of the movement scene where the Iranian couple are separated. We found a piece of music by Radio he ad empower Talk show host. The tempo of the song was highly appropriate to the atmospheric desire as it showed confusion, regret and desire all at once. The lyrics in the song such as You want me?Well come on and break the door downYou want me?3 we believed were perfectly fitting for the scene. We were able to sync our movement so that our choreography was carried out in time to both the music and in time with other cast members. There was also another piece of music entitled We are the World by Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson to be played at the very end of the performance. This particular piece of music I believe thoroughly puts the arena into perspective emphasising the importance of life which at the end of the performance is taken from the women.LightingDue to there being two separate stories going on at one time on the stage the lighting was crucial. We used 2 spotlights (1 for each female character) with colour faded reflective lighting upstage. The flood lights used we re chosen appropriately especially in terms of colour. For example green was used to portray chilliness whereas red was used to show anger. We tried a variety of colours for the movement scene however in the end after a lot of trial and error we finally agreed on red fading through to blue to show the anger from the officials resulting in the blue for the loneliness and sadness. I really enjoyed experimenting with the lighting as not only did I learn a lot but we were also able to show the juxtaposition.StagingFor our staging we tried to show the contrast through black and white flooring, curtains and backdrop. Not only did the black and white create the impression of harsh and soft but it also symbolised the two races. Below is a sketch of how we designed the set.The idea was that neither side crossed the boundary set out in the middle. We determined 2 old fashioned chairs back to back for the two women in the centre of the stage for them to be seated on at the end. Other than the 2 chairs there were no other props on the stage.Because we tried to use a very simplistic set design we compensated for this with a projector cautiously placed to project newspaper headlines onto the white cloth background. Also attached to the backdrop was metal shackles which Ashtianis wrists were placed into to set the scene of her cell as well as show the restraints that she had against her Lewis however had nothing but the chair and was not restrained in any way to show the two sides of the world two political views on law enforcement. As a whole I really enjoyed making the set as well as calculating it. Although we encountered a few problems setting up the projector and laying out the flooring I was very happy with the outcome. The finished product was highly symbolic which was totally what we were aiming for.Bibliography1 http//orangehouse.tumblr.com/post/778392704/campaign-for-iranian-woman-facing-death-by-stoning2 http//www.amnesty.org.uk/actions_details.asp?ActionID=706 3 http//www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/talk-show-host-lyrics-radiohead/193ae81bd7d8a3fb4825686600141d5f

Explain why Act 2. Scene 2. is a turning point in the play for Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay

Explain why Act 2. Scene 2. Is a turning point in the butterfly for Macbeth and gentlewoman Macbeth. How should the actors contend these characters be birth to show the audience what they are feeling?In the First Act we learn that Macbeth is thought of as a very noble, loyal, bald-faced man. For brave Macbeth O valiant cousin, worthy gentlemen Macbeth was victorious in a battle on behalf of the kingdom and gets lots of praise from the king, and the other soldiers, and unknown to him is soon be given the title, Thane Of Cawdor. Banquo and Macbeth are travelling home and they came across 3 witches. These witches prophisize that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and that soon after he will become king. All woo Macbeth Hail to thee, thane of Cawdor All hail Macbeth Thalt shalt be King hereafter.Macbeth doesnt pay to much attention to them and continues on with his journey, when he returns home, he finds out that the King is sexual climax to stay with him and chick Macbeth in t heir castle. Macbeth then finds out of the title and tells Lady Macbeth of the three witches prophesies, and then Lady Macbeth starts to hatch a plan. Macbeth was so horrified of the judgment of killing Duncan because in those days, people believed in something, which was called the divine right of kings. Which meant that they believed the king to look at been chosen by god. So an attack on King Duncan would have been con posturered sacrilege.In Act one, Macbeth comes across as brave and loyal, but if he goes through with the murder, he will be forever looking over his shoulder, he will have to watch what he says and does, because he could be found out. This would change his character entirely. Macbeth has to realise that there can be no breathing out back once the murder has been committed. James 1 would have understood and believed in the divine right of kings, so when the move was being written, including it would have been to a greater extent provoke as the play was origina lly wrote for James 1, who was king at the time.Scene 2 has to be the most violent part of the play although we wearyt actually see the murder in the written play, it is only included in the film version, which we recently watched, directed by Roman Polantski. It is interesting that Macbeth kills King Duncan offstage, the scene could be written this way because Shakespeare wanted us to concentrate on Macbeths reaction to the murder, rather than the murder itself. Its a crucial part in the play as it the first of many murders. The murder takes place on the night of the Kings stay. Everything that happens in the play now is revolved around this scene.This scene is important because it not only features the murder scene. It is also the start of the falling apart of the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. There is a lot of tension when we see Lady Macbeth pacing astir(predicate) nervously, waiting for Macbeth to come back. We also see Lady Macbeths softer side too when she says Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had donet meaning if the King had not looked like her father she would have gone through with the murder herself. I imagine her to be looking quite sad at this point, yet nervous, for fear of still being caught. It reminds us that lady Macbeth still has some humanity because it might help the audience to understand why she does what she does at the end of the play. Lady Macbeth hears an owl screech tour she is waiting for Macbeth and jumps, as she is clearly quite nervous even though earlier on in the play she says That, which hath made them drunk, hath made me bold.This is obviously not the case. Lady Macbeth may say this half-jokingly and holding the cup up near to her face, which she drinks it. When Macbeth comes to meet his wife they are both nervous, yet they seem excited to, as they dont speak in full sentences, its a short, sharp exchange of words. When , Now , as, I descended , Aye. His shows the audience that they are worr ied, nervous etc. They will at this maybe looking around them to see if there is anyone coming, or looking at each other trying to see what the other is thinking. Macbeth also still has hold of the daggers, which finds the tension in the scene increase. Macbeth cant seem to believe he has committed such a criminal offense as he says, This is a sorry sight. He is also referring to his hands, which are covered in blood, Macbeth must have been putting his head in his hands at this point for him not to notice, therefore holding them up in front of his face.He cant seem to forget about the murder after this point. He seems obsessed with what he has done and almost in a hypnotising state of mind. Lady Macbeth, although in a way mocks him, she stays calm and says to him Go get some water and wash this filthy witness from your hands. Lady Macbeth is probably pushing him to the fountain and is keeping an eye on him, as so, they wont get caught. Macbeth knows that he might be able to get rid of the stain from his hands but not from his conscience. He says Not all Neptunes ocean can wash me clean. Lady Macbeth makes fun of Macbeth for dwelling on the murder and has a go at him for being a coward. Macbeth and his wife seem to lose a connection with each other and Shakespeare has made it obvious that Macbeth is the weaker of the two characters and his and Lady Macbeths relationship isnt going very well. He shows this by having Macbeth ramble on, and say long speeches.But Lady Macbeth stays in control, she acts almost evil and without a conscience. The play seems to build up more tension by Macbeth saying that he thought he had heard a voice saying Glamis hath dispatch sleep, and therefore shall sleep no more Macbeth shall sleep no more. This could be Macbeths imagination, or him hearing another of the witches prophesies. The knocking on the door startles Macbeth, as he knows now, this could tell whether his crime is about to be found out or not. Lady Macbeth again kee ps her head amongst all of this, although nervous they will be discovered. Lady Macbeth quickly returns the bloodstained daggers to Duncans grooms, and goes one further and says, If he do bleed, Ill guild the grooms with Duncans blood, for it must seem their guilt.Shakespeare has her do this to make the audience aware of how much more confident than Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is. Whereas Macbeth is still in shock of the crime he had committed. Shakespeare conveys that Lady Macbeth and Macbeths relationship is easy deteriorating, as Macbeth seems to be acting crazily and Lady Macbeth seems evil and calculating and in control of the situation. The knocking still carrying on, lady Macbeth appears annoyed and urges her husband, to his chamber, where they can brood and come across as innocent to the murder if it is discovered. Shakespeare has once again let Lady Macbeth take control. Shakespeare has cleverly used language and structure of sentences manages to stool a lot of tension and exc itement in this scene. He uses the right language in the right places to make the characters and the play really believable.Towards the end of the play Macbeth becomes overwhelmed by guilt and fear, he murders anyone he suspects might know. Eventually the heir to crown kills Macbeth, after Lady Macbeth has taken her own life as she is scale by the guilt. King James and the rest of the Shakespearean audience would have wanted the murders and lies and drama, this is probably what they would have expected. Sacrilege was believed to have been punished by God. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth were the murderers so this would have added excitement the witches added some eerieness and supernatural theme to the play. These are good choices for the play at that particular time, and it still makes it good today.

Brief Introduction of the Issues In the Meeting

Aim at the irregular trade between the scrimping Drugs Corporation and the European Union, I declare taken down the introduction about the issues and want to turn to you for help. It provide not just concern the companys profit but besides the immigrants who arrive in Southern Europe each year. Actually, the European Union is devastating to Saving Drugs Corporations business plan to import slight costly pediatric polio drugs manufactured by Saving Drugs Corporation into the European Union.By using the measure of imposing a 100% tax on pediatric polio drugs of whose country of origin is other than one within the European Union or a former colony of an EU outgrowth in Africa or Asia, they can hinder Saving Drugs Corporations plan going on smoothly. In fact, it is not conformed to the common law. Tariff is apply to limit exotic products and protect one countrys own products. Besides, it can also weaken the competition of other countries goods and prevent them against taking up th e whole market. However, if one country shakes the esteem of tax to 100%, it is not normal at all.When the rate of tariff reaches one hundred percentages or some(prenominal) hundred percentages, it is a kind of Protective Duties. Miecha just wants to warn the European Union of the high tariff rate, and they must take it into account and change the tariff rate. Besides, Miecha believes this is a blatant violation of the antidiscrimination provision of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) known as the national treatment rule, and she asserts the aim-and-effect of the EU tax is to ramify against non-European immigrants.We should treat each man equally. One should not lightly dismiss the inherent unfairness of, and the perception of mistreatment that accompanies a system of allocating benefits and privileges on the basis of fur color and ethnic origin. Although the immigrants are not your own citizens, you still need to treat them as well as local people. The countr y should pay perplexity to their living conditions, work environment, healthy situation. If their fundamental conditions cannot be met, it is not good for the countrys stability and development.The European Union should not discriminate against non-European immigrants. In addition, WATT is concerned about the tariff and trade between countries, and it plays an important role in regulating and harmonizing the relationship of each other. For example, with the help of WATT, Uruguay has lowered its industrial products tariff from 5% to 4%. Under the WATTs regulation, the tariff barriers could be solved much better. It is not conducive to international trade to raise the tariff too high on the contrary, it will hinder and decrease the cooperation between different companies.Usually, we can work out the protective tariff rate by a formula first, we use the domestic market price of the import products minus the international market price of the import products second, we use the resolut ion of the above divide the international market price of the import products and then multiply 100%, and that is the appropriate tariff rate. If the European Union can theorise the correct tariff rate, Saving Drugs Corporation will keep a good relationship and cooperate with it.What is more, European Unions policy will result in the burden to immigrants. Once the import tariff rises, the price to sale in the market will be higher at the same(p) time. It is a kind of saving product, and the major purpose is to help those who live a hard life. If European Union still keeps the high tariff, it is not the Saving Drugs Corporations loss but also the poor immigrants loss too. The major purpose to have a meeting with congresswoman is ensuring that no WTO process would enact a measure that blatantly violated an international trade treaty.We should use the rules of WTO and WATT to protect the profit of the Saving Drugs Corporation whose drugs are think for distribution to the over 20,000 African, sub-Saharan and the undocumented immigrants who arrive in Southern Europe each year. Each law in the world is based on the human nature, that is, peoples reasonable and legal profits will protected by the law. Nevertheless, if European Union still imposes the 100% tax on pediatric polio drugs, both the company and the poor immigrants will be harmed greatly.What we need most is a statement of the relevant rules of law needed to part the issue, a statement of the courts holding on each issue, and a statement of the steps of the courts reasoning in applying the rules to the facts to fragmentise each issue. I will wait for your answer and all of us wish it would be an impartial and reasonable decision. Bibliography 1. Xiang Yijun, 2002, International Trade and Theory, Beijing Chinese Agricultural Press 2. Frank I. Michelman, 2004, the Harvard Law Review, Reasonable Umbrage, V. 117 No. 5, Page1378 3. Tramy, 2004, GATT and WTO, http//tramy. blogdriver. com/tramy/94001. html

Trace the treatment of the Jews by the Nazis between 1933-45

During the hegemony that engulfed Europe between 1939 and 1945, millions of civilians were murdered, outside of the usual battles of war. The hegemony was unprecedented in the annals of history in that the murder of these civilians had its roots not in the causes of the war, further simply in the prejudice that lay at the heart of the political system that had spawned the war, concernly the Nazi ideology formed in the insane minds of Adolf Hitler and his henchmen. To that ideology, the earthly concern of a master race of Aryans with all other lower races becoming servile to that master race was logical and a side product of that dreaming was the ethnic cleansing of Europe. The initial plan was to move eastwards all such lower races. In due course yet, as the ambitions of the Nazis were initially fulfilled, the fuss increased.The pathetic irony for Hitler and his cronies was that the very success of their armies brought down the stairs their control even more of the undesirables whom they wished to expel from Germany, so that ultimately far from making the Jewish conundrum disappear, they brought under their control a further 5,000,000 Jews even before the proposed invasions of Russia and Great Britain, the immaculate gypsy community of Europe and millions of Slavs in the eastern countries of Europe. The problem was to be solved by the Final Solution.Initially the attentions of the Nazis in the immediate years after their ascendancy to power was directed at a far-flung cleansing of Germany. This included primarily Jews and communists, Romany (gypsy) tidy sum, homosexuals, those who were mentally and / or physically handicapped and those deemed to be politically undesirable. The initial beatings and tirades against these sections of German society however in due course gave way to a more systematic and co-ordinated campaign designed to enable the authorities to rid society of these undesirable elements. Propaganda under the control of Josef Goebbels was employed to ostracize these elements within German society and make their removal both logical and welcome to the average German citizen.Hitlers satanic muckle of ethnic purity was based on the idea of levels of genetic value in people. To fulfil Hitlers dream, the Nazis established comprehensive systems to segregate and later to execute millions of people designated to be less pure.After the succession to power by Adolf Hitler in 1933, an internal security apparatus in the form of a secret jurisprudence force was designed and continually refined to result in an iron control of the lives of the citizens within Germany. Perfected, this orderly, internal reign of terror spread, as Hitlers forces extended across national borders and with the relatively easy absorption of what had been part of Czechoslovakia, the annexation of Bohemia and Moravia by Germany in 1938.Slovakia, another region of Czechoslovakia, became a state tightly controlled by the Nazis finished the Munich Pact sig ned with the British Government, which naively believed that this concession would mark the end of Hitlers ambitions.On the evening of November 7, 1938, the Nazi regime co-ordinated attacks against the Jewish communities of Germany. Nearly 180 synagogues were burned and destroyed. Hundreds of Jewish men were rounded up and imprisoned on false charges. Jewish-owned businesses throughout Germany were destroyed, damaged and looted. Thousands of windows in synagogues, Jewish businesses and homes were broken giving this night its name Kristallnacht or the Night of the Broken Glass.This horrific assault was reported in headlines in newspapers around the military personnel. It was taken correctly by some as a signal of what was yet to come and many Jews, taking the warning seriously, emigrated while they still could. However only the United States of America and to a lesser phase Great Britain were prepared to arrest Jews seeking sanctuary. Certain countries, notably Switzerland and F rance were not keen to allow the refugees to stay within their borders. The fact that no earth wished to admit the Jews, seemed to validate Hitlers actions in treating them increasingly more harshly.Visas were hard to come by, but bribery and connections still worked in limited ways. Tragically, most Jews remained, believing Germany was democratic, a country for whom many had served with honour and distinction in World War I. They refused to believe that it would turn against them and harm them. They were fatally mistaken and a massive percentage of the entire German Jewish community suffered horribly, dying in the extermination camps before the end of World War II.By September 1, 1939, contrary to the protestations, the completely restored military force of Nazi Germany smashed across the glow border, overrunning the weak Polish army and cavalry, still equipped for World War I. By the end of the month all of Poland had fallen. Now 3,000,000 Jews came under the control of the sw astika, 20 per cent the Polish population in 1939. Almost immediately, these Jews were placed into ghettos in Warsaw, Kracow, and other colossal Polish cities and towns, with little sanitation and access to medical facilities. Stopped from trading and effectively cut off from the rest of the world, these communities were effectively isolated, being prepared and softened up for further more drastic treatment.Concentration and labour camps were initially established for punishment for those who offended Hitler or did not fit his ideal Nazi regime. As early as 1933 in Germany, Sachsenhausen and Dachau were places of dread but families were still able to bribe their loved ones out of the camps. Following the invasion of Poland the Nazis were faced with resolving the Jewish Problem. The consequence was entrusted by Hitler to Heydrich and Eichmann, both virulent anti-semites, the former a soldier, the latter an administrator.The concentration camps, now full following larger and larger transports of Jews and large numbers of Russian prisoners of war, Polish resistance fighters and others, had to be emptied. Natural wastage by death from disease, malnutrition and beatings would not result in a fast enough solution. sens murder by bullets or lethal injection was expensive and wasteful in terms of resources, and had a morale depressing effect on the soldiers employed.To have got Hitlers demonic vision, On January 20, 1942, a conference was convened under expressed orders from Nazi leadership under the chairmanship of the brilliantly evil Rheinhardt Heydrich. With tea and crumpets, in fewer than 2 hours of deliberation at the former Jewish-owned Wansee chateau in the outskirts of Berlin, the Nazi officers, including Aldolph Eichmann, created the policy to assure the systematic destruction of Europes Jewish population. A Final Solution had been formed which was unchangeable. The solution chosen was the creation of mass Extermination Camps, mainly in Poland to which would be transported all the Jews of Europe. Killing began in earnest on or near the homes of the populations, which the Nazis had targeted. inwardly a short time, the small camp of Auschwitz was enlarged into Auschwitz-Birkenau) a massive death camp in which Jews were gassed and their bodies cremated in a nearby area cognize for its birch trees, (Birkenau in German). Thus, the infamous death factory at Birkenau was created with the huge crematoria nestled among the groves of once beautiful and peaceful birch trees. Five other sites were chosen for additional death camps. Auschwitz-Birkenau, as the huge complex was to become known, was by far the largest in which well over one million and a fractional people, nearly 90 percent of whom were Jewish, were put to death and cremated.Notwithstanding the need to continue the huge war effort against the Allied Forces, which included the massively decent American war machine the Nazis vigorously pursued their plan to destroy every Jew wi thin Europe. As a result, one third of the entire world Jewish population was killed during the Holocaust. The few gates of escape to Allied countries, were systematically closed the United States, Canada, Australia, Britain, parts of Latin America and elsewhere. The lucky few who could govern a way out often survived without the rest of their family.By 1944, the height of the extermination of the Jews, there were over 650 death, labour, concentration, camps and ghettos. Of the millions of Jewish people so imprisoned a very small percentage survived to give testimony to the unimaginable crimes which had been committed. Those who did so survive, faced the prospect of reconstructing their lives, more often than not with no money, family, possessions or state. Hitler had set the problem in Mein Kampf, had thought that he had solved the problem by expelling the Jews of Germany, but ultimately had found that his success in battle compute his problem, from which there was to be only on e route for the Nazis to take the eradication of European Jewry by extermination.

Miranda v. Arizona Essay

Supreme Court Decision The Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in regard of Miranda and it also enforced the Miranda warning to be given to a person creation interrogated while in the custody of the police. Miranda Warning You take a leak the right to remain silent. Anything you say or do can and leave be held against you in a court of law. You have the right to speak to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you. Do you understand these rights as they have been read to you? The Supreme Court held that Mirandas constitutional rights were not violated during interrogation. Case background signal A Mexican immigrant residing in Phoenix, Arizona, Ernesto Miranda, was identified to be a suspect in the line-up of a woman who accused him of rape and kidnapping. Police then arrested and interrogated Miranda. It took up to at least two hours of interrogation by police until Miranda the confessed to the crimes. The confession was written.During the two hours of int errogation, police did not once mention Mirandas neither fifth Amendment Protection against self-incrimination nor his Sixth amendment right to have the right to an attorney. After Mirandas confession the case was then taken to trial hosted by Arizona claim court an prosecutors used the oral and written confession as evidence against Miranda. Miranda was then found guilty and he was convicted and sentenced to 20-30 years in prison on each count. The conviction was then upheld due to the fact the Mirandas attorney appealed to Arizonas Supreme Court which then led to the case being appealed to the United States Supreme Court which also connected the case with four other similar ones. The court later came to an agreement that it is mandatory that the police have the role of protecting the rights of the accused suspect guaranteed by the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. After the Supreme Court came to the ruling, the rights to be read were the named the Miranda Rights in honor of Ernesto Mi randa.

Mandating Writing Courses Essay

makeup is slowly becoming a lost art. With modern technology, the writing process has become simpler some meters words are even completed and corrected by word processing programs for the writer. Gone are the days of looking through dictionaries to find spellings and meanings of words.Writing is becoming shorter and more abbreviated, and many feel that since technology is cheapening our language, that college writing courses are not necessary. They are mistaken. College writing courses such(prenominal) as English 103 and 104 provide an opportunity to learn the adroitnesss that are taught through writing. These very valuable, transferrable, and necessary achievements for life and career are organization, research, and persuasion. Organization is a skill that is reinforced through writing courses, specifically courses like English 103 and 104 that force the writer to think critically about the timing of his or her argument and placement of fact. Organization is a valuable skill to grasp for both life and career. Organization aids in the talent to provide directions or information to other people.It also is indwelling when speaking in front of people in order that they can follow what is being said. An organized speaker or writer can communicate more effectively, and parley is paramount in both life and career in order to be successful. Writing classes force students to practice being prepared and to put time and effort into their work. These are skills students cannot succeed in other classes without. English 103 and 104 offer also opportunities to learn to research correctly and effectively. seek is a necessary skill for college as well as in life and career. It enhances learning and teaches students where to look for information. It also teaches students how to be responsible for their own learning, which will carry over into their careers as they become responsible for their own jobs.In life, researching skills allow people to take control of their ow n spending habits and have more consumer power through the ability to have product knowledge and healthy living information available to them. Research also teaches time management skills and enhances reading exposure to different media. Research is an essential tool not only in school, but in life and career. Perhaps the most valuable skill taught in writing classes such as English 103 and 104 is that of persuasion. Once a student can organize and research effectively, he or she can present a credible and thinkable argument or persuasive talk or work not only in school, but in real life. Persuasion is what is used to welcome a job initially and then to be promoted. Even relationships require persuasion. The art of the argument will never die writing classes are essential in teaching this skill. It is sad that as time goes by the English language, a beautiful and complex set of rules and symbols, becomes less important to society. Colleges and universities should keep the requirem ents of writing courses such as English 103 and 104 for every student. Educated people should know how to read and write well as well as posses great organizational skills, researching strategies and effective argumentation abilities. Writing courses teach these skills.

My Life According to Erik Erikson Essay

Allow me to relay to every hotshot the st get on withs I went by in my life based on Erik Eriksons Developmental Theory (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). Here, I give mention the developmental milestones and successes that I experienced The first stage is cognize as Infancy which begins from brook to eighteen months wherein according to Erik Erikson, is the stage where an individualistics crisis will be on trust vs. qualm (Wagner, 2009, p. 1). During this stage, I believe I decl ar succeeded and learned to trust because of the individual who constantly took care of me (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40).My mother, for received, has always been there for me providing me with all the essential things I need like food, water, milk, clothing, shelter, etcetera making sure that I am free from harm & diseases and ensuring that she is there no matter what happens (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). Through instincts, this make me realize that I will be okay and that the world or environment is a reliabl e one, thus, I learned to trust (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). The second stage which is technically referred to as untimely puerility covers eighteen months to three years (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). The crisis that an individual is faced with during this stage is known as shore leave vs. shame (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40).Here, I give birth to defecate alone my mommy no longer has to barter for diapers for me because I can already tell her when I need to defecate (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). Learning this trade union movement make me realize that I already have self-control and since I am already chivalric enough to defecate alone, I have also conquered shame I know I am already capable of doing something and that boosted my self-esteem thus I achieved autonomy instead of shame (or being ashamed) (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). The third stage is from three to five years or the play age wherein a persons ego development outcome would either be initiative or guilt (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40).Here, I have imagined that Barney, Baby Bop, and BJ would come along and play with me I have learned so many things with them including some of the big Why questions I had (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). Through role playing, I have also learned that there are some who are not like me there are boys and there are also girls (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). I have somehow realized that one is made for a purpose, for instance boys are supposed to act like this while girls, the other way approximately (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). Such role playing made me take the initiative to carry out my inhering desires which is why I have conquered unnecessary guilt (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40).The fourth stage is the school age which is from six to twelve years old (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). Here, one has to develop the strengths known as order and competence because the crisis that an individual faces during this stage is industry vs. subscriptity (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). During this stage, I ha ve learned that I can no longer just go to my parents when I have dilemmas I have to bring a way and be competent in order for my peers not to make me feel inferior (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). I developed a sense of industry during this phase because I kept on learning and I was always willing to do anything just to learn/acquire new skills which was one of the reasons why I always have excellent grades, thus I have conquered inferiority early on (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40).The fifth stage is known as adolescence (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). I have acquired the strengths known as devotion and fidelity during my adolescent years (12 18 years), thats why I have managed to go through the crisis identity vs. role confusion with ease (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). Friends played a striking role in this stage of my life since I discovered who I am as an individual through my interactions with them I came to know what makes me weak, as well as, what I can do to pick myself up etcetera.I have been successful in discovering my identity, thus, I did not experience role confusion (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). The sixth stage is from 18 to 35 years old which is technically referred to as young adulthood wherein the dilemma one has to face is intimacy and solidarity vs. closing off (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40).Fortunately, I have experienced savor already it has been a reciprocally fulfilling one which is why I have not felt isolation (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 40). The seventh and eighth stages are phases wherein the crises to be faced are generativity vs. stagnation and integrity vs. despair, separately (Syque, 2009, n.p.). I would gladly relay my experiences on this to everyone however, I have not yet reached these stages.

Improving Performance of the Work Team Essay

1.1 My comp either has defined expectations of group Members which atomic number 18 given to from each one employee in the form of a job description backed up with a fly the coop contract gestural by each employee when they join the company. These expectations include, a quantifykeeping policy which requires the individual to be at deed at the stated shift start eons and to contact the Team Leader within 30mins of that start time with any backgrounds why this cant be achieved. This exit exclusivelyow the Team Leader time to call in help to keep production on target. Absenteeism and sickness ar also well-nigh monitored using a system called the Bradford Scale.This concentrates more on the fleck of occasions when an employee is off rather than the moment of days as regular short periods of time off are more disruptive to the running(a) squad up. If the number of points on the scale reach a certain(p) level then the disciplinary answer is used. Personal conduct is also expected to be appropriate as disruptive or hostile conduct w gouty affect the perfor existencece of the work police squad centre targets may be bemused or team up members will be in conflict.Employees are also expected to reach certain levels of performance depending on the job they do. Training inescapably to be completed and personal objectives which are located annually by the area manager during appraisals are used to keep a continuous avail mentality within each employee. Completion of set objectives also help towards future promotion and by chance pay increases. All these expectations help the company keep well motivated work teams who are ego driven with proper moral.1.2 The objective for my team is to ensure we depict our clients (the other departments in our company) with ample visual fiber to meet the order demand for all the different types of fibre laser we manufacture. To help us meet this objective we use a system of KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) to indicate to us the veritable level of various indicators throughout the manufacturing transit. These Include threadbare levels against the stock stick out, current fibre yields, amount of work in the process at any given time, fibre consumed, fibre in validation, validated fibre, number of man hours available, shipped fibre.All these indicators are passed down through the organization as Laser orders are laid with our company. On the shop floor we break them down to a weekly plan of work depending on the position of current fibre stocks and yields. Each Friday the next weeks plan will be decided at a joint meeting amidst the area manager and team leader. Once the plan is haggard it is communicated to all the team members and then checked daily during the following week to report progress and any concerns or adjustments that need to be made. In turn the departments we supply with fibre will also deport been set there weekly targets and depending on the work that they lose in process will learn what target is given to us to supply.Our company works on a Lean basis meaning that no work will be in the line that has not been already ordered and this keeps online stock costs to a minimum. Due to the nature of our production process However, optical fibre is only substantiate as good quality once it is built in product, so to keep supply of good (Validated) fibre between us and our customers my department has to go against the lean principles and hold a stock of fibre on the shelf waiting for Laser orders. This ensures if a fibre fails in build we relieve oneself enough stock to react quickly and replace the fibre without holding up the laser build line.1.3 idiosyncratic team member performance has a very great effect on a teams general performance, especially if the Individual is under performing. For instance if a team member was not completing the unavoidable amount of work each day this would put extra pressure on the remaining members of that t eam to meet production targets. This puts the team in a position of possibly not meeting true to life(predicate) targets which are set on the basis that all team members perform to a set level.Team targets are also set around the number of available man hours per week. If a team member is constantly late or sick this will also put the team under ignorant pressure to meet any set targets. A four man team with one man out sick is down 25% in man hours which usually means most targets will need to be adjusted or missed. This then has a knock on effect in the next department who will be only receiving 75% of the product that they were planning for, and that effect depending on the ability to catch up on lost hours may go all the way to a customer in the form of a late delivery of a promised order. This reflects badly on customer relations and could at worse mean lost or cancelled future orders. Also a team member who does not put enough effort into their work can cause ill feeling and conflict in the team possibly leading to arguments and low team moral.This will have a drastic effect on the capabilities of the team sometimes causing other team members to prune their efforts also. Underperformance of team members is a serious issue in a target driven environment and needs to be taken seriously by team leaders. It may be the case that outside of work influences are causing a team member to under perform so a warm confabulate and understanding approach may be all thats needed to encourage the team member to improve. Team members who perform above expectations can also boost the performance of a team in a positive way. These team members can motivate others to increase there efforts also. This results in best overall team results against target, which brings praise from management, improving team moral. This then means happy customers, more orders and all-night term job security.2.1 My own team has many indicators that we use to measure under performance. Thes e include, Product production Charts, Disruption Reports, Weekly Targets, Scrap Reports and annual appraisals. A flicker report can be raised against our department for any problems our customers have regarding our supply to their line. This could mean damaged fibre, incorrect paperwork, failure to supply part on time, or any casing that Disrupts them from achieving set targets. These reports are then discussed each morning and depending on the severity of the disruption immediate solutions are put in place or a process of problem solving is started and monitored until the problem is solved.Yield Charts give indications of process and operator performance. Product failure codes are recorded and investigated. Process detractors can be used to highlight improvement areas, and operator caused defects can be feedback to the team or individual concerned. Scrap reports are also used to put a monetary value on product scrap allowing prioritizing of the most expensive problems first. An annual appraisal is given to each employee by the line manager. If a team member has been under performing, the reasons will be discussed and a plan will be drawn to encourage the employee to improve.2.2 Underperformance needs to be constantly monitored in the manufacturing environment. It could just be that a team is not meeting targets because the target is set to high which puts to much pressure on them, causing mistakes due to rushing. Team moral is an important factor regarding Team performance. If you have conflict between certain team members it will cause them to take their mind off the workload resulting in trim down production and quality issues. This can have a knock on effect and eventually airing across all team members un little it is dealt with promptly.Poor pedagogy can also be a reason why an individual or Team are not able to meet targets. Inadequate planning will not only increase scrap costs it can frustrate operators who cant do the work properly and even put them in harms way if Health and Safety measures regarding the work they do are not included in the training. Sometimes people may have domestic or personal worries regarding health problems which affect their performance at work. These need to be discussed with supervisors or managers and depending on the component part help may be given to the individual.2.3 The different causes of underperformance require different satisfys to rectify them. If a team member is underperforming for no other reason than being lazy then a quiet chat from the Team Leader away from the ears of other team members usually helps re motivate them. If the poor results come about then a disciplinary route of verbal and written warnings may be needed. Re training or extra training will help someone who is falling behind due to deficiency of process knowledge. If a Team is underperforming they can have a meeting and discuss the reasons as a team, and with all the ideas on the table from all team member s, come up with a plan of action to improve their results.In my place of work underperformance can come in the form of a disruption report. A disruption report can be raised against our department for any problems our customers have regarding our supply to their line. This could mean damaged fibre, incorrect paperwork, failure to supply parts on time, or any event that Disrupts them from achieving set targets. These reports are then discussed each morning and depending on the severity of the disruption immediate solutions are put in place or a process of problem solving is started and monitored until the problem is solved.3.1 cause employees are more productive than those who are unmotivated. They enjoy their work more and are usually less stressed. Companies work hard to find ways to motivate their staff. Motivation is the driving force behind all peoples actions. Psychologists have developed various theories about motivation in an attempt to give away understand and control huma n behavior.This theory of motivation is based on the idea that people have strong cognitive reasons to perform various actions. This is famously illustrated in Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, which presents different motivations at different levels. First People are motivated to fulfill basic biological needs for fare and shelter, as well as those of safety, love and esteem. Once the lower level needs have been met , the native motivator becomes the need for Self-Actualization, or the desire to fulfill ones individual potential. Maslow believed employers would see get out results from workers if they recognized the various needs of individual workers and if they varied the rewards offered to them.

Asia Pacific Breweries

International Business Environment Project GROUP PROJECT ASIA peaceable BREWERIES LIMITED (APBL) Prep atomic number 18d by G& angstromT Consultancy (TZ02) Benjamin Jethro Neo Czaraim Suganob Carreon Michelle Oh Hui Ling Ratchadakorn Wongphothiphan Valerie Ng Shi Min Yap Yi Jun Prep ard for Ms. Ng Lay Khim, Linda Date of Submission 18th July 2012 TABLE OF confine 1. Company and IndustryOne of the main components of the beverage industry is Alcoholic drink an extype Ale of a telephoner that produces soaking beverages, to wit Beer and Lager is Asia peace-loving Breweries. Listed on the capital of Singapore Exchange, Asia peaceful Breweries express (APBL) is one of the key players in the beer industry Asia Pacific Breweries, stockerly known as Malayan Breweries particular (MBL) in 1931 is a conjunction commemoratep stand out between Heineken International & Fraser and Neave. Its present name was given in 1990.As of today, Asia Pacific Breweries excessively operates a broa d global marketing network, which extends across 60 countries and is choke offed by 30 breweries in 14 countries, namely Singapore, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, impudently Caledonia, New Zea contribute, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. Asia Pacific Breweries as well as offers their consumers a wide bleed of carrys, be it global, regional or local anaesthetic, which crusade the taste of various beer drinkers boasting a wide carry of choices, including Tiger Beer, Heineken, Anchor Beer, big cablemans Strong Brew, ABC Extra Stout and Bintang Beer.Their beers be brewed nether the supervision of Heineken technical experts, who can call upon countless old age of experience of European brewing excellence. using only the finest ingredients, maintaining the most stringent brewing standards, and conducting oer 200 note checks during the process. This scrutiny over toil of APB beers has reeled in many awards while th eir breweries argon among the forerunners in their respective markets. 2. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES 2. 1 StrengthsTiger beer, the prize brand of APB, was the winner of the UKs Brewing Industry International Awards, the most esteemed award in the brewing industry 1998. The brand won a Gold ornament in the International Style Lager category in the 2010 World Beer Cup and silver medal in 2010 World Beer Championships. Anchor Beer was presented a gold medal in Selection Mondiale in 2010, a gold medal by Australian International Beer Awards in 1998, on top of several other honors. Since beer sales mostly relied on quality and tang, the high(prenominal) quality standards of APB beer, makes APB standout in the competitive brewery c ar.APBs Tiger and Heineken brands scores on the point of identity and and then take up a strong brand image. A part of one of the few establishments in Singapore, APBL personate up the Asia Pacific Breweries Foundation (APB Foundation). This foundation pro vides financial aid to causes in Creativity Development, achievements in Human Excellence and humane Awards. APBL plays a probatory role in giving back to the communities in which they operate. Being socially responsible, to each one of them renders support to the various preceptal, social and environmental causes in the respective countries.Through its endless efforts towards community and environment protection, APB continues to grade a long-term relationship and good rapport with its customers. 2. 2 Weaknesses Although the US market is mounting at a s crusheder rate comp ard to certain Eastern European and Asian markets, lack of presence in this market puts the conference at a disadvantage as compared to some of the other great players in the industry. Since large beer consuming countries provide possibility for volume and r heretoforeue expansion, a modest presence in these markets results in a drawback for APB.The anticipated sale of APBLs 50% owned Heineken-APB (China) P te Ltd to China Resources Snow Breweries Limited would not be going finished due to an unreachable agreement with CRSB. 3. OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS 3. 1 Opportunities With a rise in disposable income and alcoholic beverages much widely accepted by its people, Asia had its potential as a profitable market. APB operates earlier in Asia Pacific, which grew at a compound annual growth rate of 5%, reaching a figure of $112. 2 billion in 2009. To maximize on their Asian opportunity, APB has endangerd into New Caledonia and Indonesia. In FY2010, hey came into possession of Heineken Internationals 65. 1% absorb in PT Multi Bintang, Indonesia and as well Heinekens 87. 3% interest in Grande Brasserie de Nouvelle Caledonie, New Caledonia. The mathematical group in addition received beer brand Bintang and its trademarks rights. The acquisition allowed APB to launch their other normal beer brands easier as it gave them a firm consumer base in Indonesia and New Caledonia. APB is extendi ng its brand portfolio by adding more flavors and varieties. They acquired Bintang and reduce One, from Indonesia and New Caledonia in FY2010. The group likewise introduced some other newfangled brands in the same year.Laos has its local beer Namkhong New Zealand was introduced Monteiths Crushed Pear Cider while Tiger quartz glass was presented to Vietnam and, as a modified edition, to Malaysia. APB attracts consumers of distinct tastes by presenting new brands every now and then. 3. 2 Threats Beers belongs to one of the highly taxed commodities globally peculiarly high in the countries APB operates in. Per liter of beer was imposed an excise duty of S$70 in Singapore, the single largest market of APB. New Zealand also incr saved excise duty. This caused DB Breweries, the New Zealand division of APB to increase its prices by 3%.Higher prices are a result of higher excise rates. APB, known for cosmos a cheaper plectron of premium brands, may lose its current consumers if e xcise rates continue to rise and cause APB to set a higher price for its beer brands. Alcohol companies have received criticism on their advertisements and thus, countries set a licit ban on spirits advertisements on TV and radio on broadcast advertisements which harmonize alcohol with children or leisure, or promoting alcohol abuse as well as on sponsorship of TV and radio programs by companies mainly concerned astir(predicate) alcohol harvest-festivalion.These rules would hinder APBs development, as its sense in the consumers would decrease. Beer has been linked with negative health issues. Among people, in that location is a general negative perception close beer having an effect on the body fat and cholesterol. On the other hand, drink is considered a healthier pick to other beverages. In matured markets like Western Europe and North America, beer is losing its field to wine, as on that point is an increase in consumers preferences for healthier alternatives. Wide var iety of alcohol products available readily and extensive advertizing is also bringing a negative impact to beer sales. . KEY CUSTOMER (GROUPS) & COMPETITORS Key customer groups Business to Customers APBL has large consumer base due to its wide variety. Tiger beer, among all the brands is the most famous global brand with largest number of consumers. Tiger Beer targeted the vibrant teen Asian adults Tiger also launched Tiger Crystal Lite, a softer-flavored Tiger Beer to cater consumers especially the Chinese who prefer lighter taste. Likewise, Heineken and Gold Crown targets young Asian adults in Thailand, New Zealand, Vietnam, China, Singapore, and Malaysia.Anchor, which offers consumers with international, affordable quality brew, is more successful in Hainan, Cambodia and Vietnam. Everyday drinkers in Singapore and Malaysia are appealed to Anchor while Cambodians and Singaporeans in their 30s-40s are appealed to stouts including Guinness, Extra Stout and Amber Stout. Barons S trong Brew had European as its loyal customer base appealing those who party favour strong alcohol taste. Business to Business The company has a strong market share in various countries within the Asia Pacific Region.It also boasts that in the UK, Tiger Beer can be found in more than 8,000 premium bars, clubs and diffusion outlets in major cities. APBLs products can be found in almost any shop that sells alcoholic beverages in the countries it has flesh outed to. Competitors Asia Pacific Breweries faces many competitors in the industry, namely in Breweries, beverage manufacturing, alcoholic beverage manufacturing, bars and nightclubs and restaurants, bars and food services. APBLs local and overseas competitors include Carlsberg A/S, whose company perates in Europe and Asia. Asahi Breweries, Ltd, Suntory chemical group and Kirin Holding Company, Ltd, which primarily operates in Japan. SABMiller, which primarily operates in Americas, Africa, Asia and Europe. The Philippines-base d company San Miguel Corporation and China Resources Enterprise Limited based in Hong Kong. Kirin Brewery Company, Limited is industrious in producing alcoholic beverages, soft drinks, food products and pharmaceuticals through with(predicate) its subsidiaries. SABMiller is active in producing and distributing beer, malts and carbonated soft drinks.Likewise, Suntory company primarily operates in the non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages, food products and the food services business segments. Carlsberg, a renowned competitor, is also engaged not only in the work, marketing and sales of beer, but also produces soft drinks, postcode drinks and bottled water. San Miguel Corporation, yet another renowned competitor, also engages in the production of beverages and is involved in other business segments such as food and packaging products, power generation and distribution, mining, fuel and oil, infrastructure, telecommunications, management and development of rattling estate propert ies. . EXISTING OPERATIONS OF COMPANY 5. 1 Entry modes used for expansion Joint Ventures Asia peaceful breweries preferred mode of entree is Joint Ventures. For example, in Singapore, Asian Pacific Breweries started out in Singapore as a Joint Venture between Heineken International and Fraser and Neave in 1931 and was known as Malayan Breweries Limited. Asia pacific breweries also used joint venture in Cambodia, China, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and New Zealand. In Cambodia, Asian Pacific Breweries form a joint venture with Progress Import and Export, which organise Cambodia Brewery Ltd.In China, Asian Pacific Brewery formed a 50-50 joint venture with its shareholders, Fraser and Neave, Limited and Heineken in China known as Heineken-APB (China). APBL also engaged in a joint venture with Laos Asian Pacific Breweries opened a brewery in Laos through a joint venture with the Government of Laos and SBK Consultant Ltd. Malaysias Guinness Anchor Bhd was a r esult of the coalition of Guinness Malaysia Bhd and Malayan Sdn Bhd whose parent company is the current Asian Pacific Brewery. In Mongolia, Asian Pacific has formed a 55-45 joint venture with MCS Holdings LLC.APBL also go ined Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and New Zealand via Joint Venture. In Thailand, Asian Pacific Breweries inscribeed Thailand, to form a joint venture with Thai Life Insurance Company Limited and Thai saturated Drinks Company Limited. Similarly, In Vietnam, Vietnam Brewery Ltd. , (VBL) was formed by a joint venture between Saigon Trading free radical (SATRA) & APBL. Finally, In Indonesia, APB participates in the Indonesian beer market via PT Multi Bintang Indonesia Tbk (MBI). Acquisitions In 1955, APB entered Papua New Guinea by acquiring a stake in the brewery, which has been the sole beer brewer in Papua New Guinea since 1983.Further str and so on outing their basis in the South Pacific, APB entered the beer market of Solomon Islands with a majoritystak e in Solomon Breweries Limited (SBL). Merger In New Caledonia, APB entered the beer market of New Caledonia via Grande Brasserie de Nouvelle Caledonia (GBNC). GBNC was formed in 1974 as a result of a spinal fusion of two breweries in the territory of New Caledonia. Partnership In Sri Lanka, APBL formed a partnership with Sri Lankan-based Anandappa family group and associates and MBL Offshore Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Phoenix Beverages Limited, which is a leading beverage group from Mauritius, to form APB Lanka.Please refer to Appendix A for APBs shareholdings in the various countries 5. 2Types of operating issues or problems encountered operative issues When expanding into foreign countries, the weighing machine of investment and exports increases. Large amount of capital is indispensablenessed for venturing into new markets, resulting in the company having fewer budgets to channelize into other new markets or other development areas like R&D. Additionally custome rs in different market have different standards, forcing APBL to consistently adapt the flavor to suit to locals tongue.The unexpected fluctuating exchange rate incurred loss as seen when APB suffered a publisher loss of S$37. 9m & S$14. 5m in 2008 & 2009 respectively. APBL experiences currency ventures due to contractual hard cash flow invoice in another currency. There is potential currency mismatch in place countries like Vietnam and Mongolia. For example, APBL invests in USD but revenue generated comes in VND. High rustic products price resulting from natural disasters also happens in overseas production subsidiary would increase salute of beer production.There big businessman be political and sparing regulatory uncertainties in investing market that delay the business operation or high entry barrier in some democracy as government restrict foreign investment scale or the sales of beer. economical problems Due to increase in prices of agricultural products such as stalk and barley, this increases the cost of beer production as well. APBL had to absorb this increase in cost of production, which will be kick to induce negative effects such as an increase in selling prices of beer to offset the higher cost of production.This might lead to potential loss of customers. Also, the value of the firm may be touch by unanticipated and volatile changes in the exchange rates on home currency. For example, the depreciation of tughrik led to an exchange loss of $ 5. 9M. political problems When venturing into Mongolia, there were various benefits and risks encountered by APBL. Some political risks encountered were that the political system lacks transparency and subversive activity level is high.When venturing into Indochina, there was similarly a high level of corruption in the government coupled with a high tax regime of 45% which decreases the profit brim of APBL due to the higher expenses incurred from the high tax regime. Legal problems Asia Pa cific Breweries financial manager, Chia Teck Leng is currently serving 42 years in prison as a result of swindling S$117 million from a Norse bank, two Japanese banks, and a German bank across a period of four years to make up for his gambling addiction.This is reflected as the aloofnessiest jail term given for the biggest case in mercantile fraud in Singapore to date. Chia was charged with using underhand means to extort foreign banks of about S$117 million, criminal breach of trust of S$53 million, money laundering, and encouraging his girlfriend Li Jin to use a forged passport. He was imprisoned on 2 April 2004 after pleading wrong to 14 charges. 6. FUTURE EXPANSION PLAN 6. 1 Selected countries and reasons for expansion Reasons for venturing into Spain The Spanish culture is known for insobriety a lot of beer.If APB ventures into Spain, it can be assured of a big market to introduce its products to. however despite the presence of many other beer companies in Spain, APB is a cheaper alternative compared to other beers, which will thus attract many consumers. Furthermore, it is known that good beer is a sign of a good restaurant. If APB can adjoin its customers standard of good beer, it can definitely boost the nature of restaurants that cater APB to its customers. In addition, foreign beers are very rampant in Spain. This shows that the Spanish would welcome foreign beers.Thus, this ensures that APB products will have higher chances of being accepted by the Spanish. Barcelona is also known to be a Drinkers Paradise. However, there have been negative feedbacks about the type of beers offered in Barcelona bars, which does not complement the drinking environment in Barcelona. Hence, if APB products can satisfy the Spanish, this will up the profit that bars make from selling beers, which will in turn benefit APB in the long run. From 2009 to 2012, the rescue of Spain met with a complicateturn, and almost a quarter of Spains workforce was unemployed.AP B can now make use of the unemployed as labor for APB in Spain. Reasons for venturing into Australia The wine industry has grow rapelvic inflammatory diseasely but Australians will always be known as beer drinkers, even rivaling the likes of Germans. Therefore, if APB ventures into Australia it will also have a large market of consumers to introduce its products to. Coupled with the fact that APB is a cheaper beer alternative, there is a high chance that many consumers will turn to APB to satisfy their demands. There are also various Beer Festivals held in Australia on a regular basis.Such Beer Festivals include The 7th Annual Australian Beer Festival which attracted a large crowd of over 10000 people with 24 Australian brewers and over 100 Aussie beers present during the festival. Such Beer Festivals are definitely a good avenue to increase the temperament of APB at a large and quick scale if APB were to venture into Australia. In addition to Beer Festivals, there is also the pre sence of beer competition such as the Australian International Beer Awards. This is yet another platform for breweries to typeface their premium beer and brewing excellence.All these platforms reflects the Australians interest in beer drinking and thus this is definitely a good reason for APB to venture into the Australian market and grab its own customer loyalties and build its reputation in Australia. More importantly, the economy of Australia is one of the most developed, modern market economies in the world. In 2011, the Australian economy was the fastest growing advanced economy in the world, with a GDP of approximately US$1. 6 trillion. This means that the Australians are earning more than the worldwide average.The IMF in April 2012 predicted that Australia would be the best performing economy in the world over the next two years. With such a boosting economy in Australia, APB should venture into Australia. Australia has also entered into many FTAs with ASEAN countries and Au stralia is also a member of various international organizations such as APEC and WTO. This puts Australia in a very good position to make foreign trading with other countries, granted support from these organizations 6. 2 Identification of sub-factors used for expansion Political-Legal factorsSub-factors used Country risk ranking, political stability ranking, good regulatory ranking, corruption index and political transparency index and ease of doing business ranking. Political and legal forces greatly impact the success of a company expanding into a foreign environment. It comprises of three main pillars. They are government regulation laws that restrict the amount of trade freedom a foreign company has in a boniface country. The Government bureaucracy provides the foreign company with the legal license to conduct business activity in the country and political stability.Economic factors Sub-factors used GDP growth rate, GDP Growth Projection, purchase power parity, Per Capita In come, Inflation rate, Exchange rate stability and presence of competitors. Economic factors refer to whether the country is roaring in harm of its economy. It is a significant factor considered when expanding, as economic factors will greatly proceed the success of the company in that country. Social Cultural factors Sub-factors used Education level, Language, Religion, Income, grow and Ethnic distribution and attitude towards time. The social culture in every country is different.The language, attitudes towards business, religious beliefs, traditions, and customs varies greatly from country to country. Managers must be aware of the differing cultures and specific taste of each country and tailor their products to suit their idiosyncratic cultures. By doing so, it raises the level of competiveness and demand for that product in that market. Geographical factors Sub-factors used Accessibility to raw materials, agricultural products available, natural hazards, climate, region u nemployed in labor force, minimum gross annual wage rate, land area, lease period of land, cost of land & terrain.Geographic features in every country heavily yield the rate and pace at which a foreign company can expand in the host country. Surface features such as navigable rivers and flat plains aids travel and contact with others, hence accelerating the productivity of the company. However, countries with topographical features like treacherous mountain ranges, deserts and large bodies of water may discourage communication. This affects consumers product needs and wants, hence requiring managers to be extra particular about their preference. technical factorsSub-factors used Availability of digital Network Infrastructure, mesh perceptiveness rate, Presence of legal framework for intellectual property and presence of e-banking structure. Technological advancement varies extensively throughout the world. Most firms would expand into a new market only if there is demand for its product or if the technology and infrastructure there can support its existing production operations. A country with the latest technology and infrastructure would mean lower costs for the company that is intending to enter into that market. 6. 2. Political/Legal portions Factor Spain Australia Country adventure Ranking Risk ranking of 61. 83 Risk ranking of 82. 25 ? Political Stability Risk Ranking With a Political Instability indication of 5. 5, Spain is ranked 104th in the world. With a Political Instability Index (PII) of 3. 6, Australia is ranked 154th in the world. ? Legal regulatory Risk Ranking Overall estimate of Spain is B, 30. Overall assessment of Australia is A, 18. ? degeneracy Index & Political Transparency Index With a Corruption Perception Index (CPI) of 6. 1, Spain is ranked thirtieth in the world. With a Corruption Perception Index (CPI) of 8. 7, Australia is ranked 8th in the world. ? Ease of Doing Business Ranking Spain achieved a rank of 44. Au stralia achieved a rank of 15. ? In hurt of Political-Legal factors, Australia is more favorable as it is cleanse than Spain in impairment of Country Risk Ranking, Political Stability Risk Ranking, Legal Regulatory Risk Ranking, Corruption Index & Political Transparency Index and Ease of Doing Business Ranking. 6. 2. 2 Economic Factors Factor Spain Australia GDP Growth sum up 0. 8% (2011 est. ) 1. 8% (2011 est. ) ? -0. 1% (2010 est. ) 2. 7% (2010 est. )? Purchasing Power conservation of parity $1,413,468 million (2011) $914,482 million (2011) Per Capita Income $32360 (2010-11) $65477 (2010-11) Inflation Rate 3. 1% (2011 est. ) ? 3. 4% (2011 est. ) 2% (2010 est. )? 2. 8% (2010 est. ) Exchange Rate Stability Euros (EUR) per US dollar 0. 7107 (2011 est. ) 0. 755 (2010 est. ) 0. 7198 (2009 est. ) 0. 6827 (2008 est. ) 0. 7345 (2007 est. ) > Less motionless Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar 0. 9694 (2011 est. ) 1. 0902 (2010) 1. 2822 (2009) 1. 2059 (2008) 1. 137 (2007) > More motionless ? Presence of Competitors Yes. There are strong competitors but not so many brewery companies ? Yes. There are strong competitors and various microbreweries companies. Tense competition In terms of Economic factors, Australia is more favorable because it is deemed break off in five out seven sub-factors. From the comparison table, we know that Australias economy is more stable and more favorable for business as compared to Spain because it has a higher GDP Growth Rate and Projection, a lower Purchasing Power Parity and a higher Per Capita Income.Furthermore its Exchange Rate Stability is also more stable. 6. 2. 3 Social Cultural Factors Factor Spain Australia Education level/ Literacy rate 98. 5 99. 98 ? Language Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, and Basque 2% Majority English 78. 5%, Chinese 2. 5%, Italian 1. 6%, Greek 1. 3%, Arabic 1. 2%, Vietnamese 1%, other 8. 2%, Unspecified 5. 7%? Income Distribution * 10% Rich (25. 2 % of income) * 80% nerve center Class (72% of income) * 10% (2. 8% of the income) * 10% Rich (25. 4% of income) * 80% Between the two (72. % of the income) * 10% Poor (2% of the income. ? Attitude towards time The Spaniards are typically a laid back group of people, with a relaxed sense of time It is expected of an individual to be punctual in any occasion ? Age Distribution 0-14 years15. 1%15-64 years67. 7%65 years and over17. 1% 0-14 years18. 3% 15-64 years67. 7%65 years and over14% ? It is more feasible to expand into Australia because its Social Cultural factors are more promising. It has a higher Education level and Literacy rate, which means the citizens in Australia are more employable.In terms of Language, majority of Australians speak English thus dispelling any language barriers. Australias attitude towards time is also more advantageous for the business. 6. 2. 4 Technological-Infrastructure Factors Factor Spain Australia Secure earnings Servers 285 2003? Internet use rs (per 100 people) 65. 8 75. 9? Presence of Legal framework for Intellectual Property Copyright rightfulness of SpainSpanish Patent and Trademark Office Australian Property Law ? Presence of e-Banking Infrastructure Top 8 country, 46% utilization ? Top 10 country, 44% utilization It is also more practical to expand into Australia because it is better in terms of the Technological-Infrastructure sub factors. In order for an international business to experience ease in communications between countries, its technological factors must be superlative. By analyzing the various sub-factors, we know that the Internet users (per 100) and Secure Internet Servers in Australia is much higher. 6. 2. 4 Geographical Factors 1 Factor Spain Australia Natural hazards weekly droughts, occasional flooding and volcanism ? Cyclones along the coast severe droughts forest fires volcanism Climate Temperate clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast cloudy, cold winters in int erior,partly cloudy and change along coast ? Generally arid to semiarid (low precipitation) temperate in south and east tropic in north % Unemployed in Labour Force 20. 065%? 5. 233% Minimum Gross Annual take Rate (International Dollars) $11,426. 00 ? $20,027. 00 Land Area (sq. km) 505,370 7,741,220 ? Terrain Large, flat to dissected plateaus surrounded by rugged hills ? Mostly low plateau with eserts, fertile plains in southeast Upon comparing twain countries Geographical Factors 1, Spain is more favorable. This is because it is less disposed to natural hazards and its climate is more conducive for setting up a plant. They also have a large unemployment rate, which APBL can take advantage of if they chose to expand into Spain. 6. 2. 5 Geographical Factors 2 Factor Spain Australia aloofness of road network The road network comprises a total of 346,858 km The road network comprises a total of 913,000 km ? Number of Airports 47 Airports 448 Airports ? Number of Seaports 66 Seaports 214 Seaports ? Preferential Tax Incentives for Foreign Investors Deductions are readily available for export activities, investment in the environment, R&D, extraordinary profits reinvestment, training, etc. ? Subjective to the nature and size of the investment project, the relevant Australian State governments may give rebates from payroll, impression and land taxes on an ad hoc basis and for limited periods. By analyzing the Geographical factors 2, Australia is much better because it has a longer road network, more airports as well as seaports. This means that it is much more brotherly if we expand into Australia. 6. Recommendation, reasons and type of entry mode to use for Australia. Recommendation We chose to enter the Australian market with every a company currently existing in Australia or a company that hasnt expanded into any other countries, and have similar goals as Asia Pacific Brewery. We have chosen to go with barrel makers Brewery Limited, the larges t Australian-owned brewery or the largest home brewing equipment producer in the world. Reasons By venturing into Australia with Coopers Brewery Limited, the chances of bring deck cost and risk would be higher as compared to attempting to enter the market alone or with external companies.This would be due to the fact that Coopers Brewery Limited has an established name and hence, this allows them to share their experiences with APB, reducing the trouble of setting up their own subsidiary, ultimately reducing the chances of consumer doubt. Therefore, smaller amount of investment is required to put APBs business into operation. APB need not use up valuable time to set up its own subsidiary or look for ways to enter the Australian market, which it has low international experience or little cultural knowledge of. Knowledge wise, APB would have an advantage when going into joint venture with CoopersBrewery Limited because they possess information and first-hand experience about the lo cal market demand and they know what works in order to satisfy their consumers standards and preferences. In terms of production capacity, APB would be able to increase its product and sales volume as there might be sharing of staff and production facilities between both brewery companies. They can also share the cost of marketing and advertising their brewery products. APB can now afford to sell its product at cheaper price, thus change magnitude its competitiveness in the brewery industry within short period of time.Type of Entry Mode to use We chose to enter the Australian market via Joint Venture with Coopers Brewery Limited. Coopers Brewery Limited was established in 1862, by Thomas Cooper at his home in theAdelaidesuburb ofNorwood, South Australia. Being the utmost powerful beer company in South-Australia, Coopers Brewery Limited would have the largest amount of market shares hence we would be able to penetrate the markets and promote APBs branding to Australia, as the consum er-producers trust is already established.APB can build good relations with its new retailers and customers since its joint venture partner already has a reputable brand image, thus this adds on to APBs credibility without much effort required. Therefore, APB would be able to distribute its product more efficiently through the availability of existing market channels that Coopers Brewery Limited has. 6. 4 Reasons for not selecting Spain. By comparing both countries, and weighing the factors used for expansion, we have unanimously concluded that Spain is not as favorable as compared to Australia.In terms of Political-Legal factors, Spains country risk ranking is lower than Australia, which indicates political instability that is unfavorable when setting up a business. Furthermore, Spains ranking when it comes to ease of doing business is ranked 44 in the world, a significant inferiority compared to Australia which ranks 15. Economically wise, Spains GDP Growth rate is relatively smal ler compared to Australias. In terms of Per Capita Income, Spains is much lower compared to Australia, which might play a role as to unsatisfactory sales.Furthermore, by comparing 5-year statistics, the exchange rate stability also fluctuates more than Australia, therefore being less stable. By looking at the Social Cultural factors, Spain is less favorable than Australia because of its lower literacy rate and minor percentage of English speaking individuals, Moreover, the Age Distribution in Australia is better than Spain because despite the exact same percentage of people aged 15-64, the youths population in Australia is greater than Spain.This means that in the future, Spains percentage of 15-64 would be less compared to Australia. This age groups consists of the majority of working individuals, hence, a smaller figure would be deemed as having an adverse effect to the company. Technological Factors also indicates that Spain isnt on par with Australia. International Businesses e ntrust heavily on technology for communication. If APBL wants to expand to a country, it would be an advantage if the countrys penetration rate were higher.By comparison from the table above, it is evident that the Internet Users (per 100) in Australia far exceeds Spains, which would mean that there are more computer literate individuals in Australia as compared to Spain, which would pave the way for more employment opportunities. geographically speaking, Spains land area is comparatively smaller than Australia. In order to establish a major brewery, a vast land area is required and Australia has more land than Spain, which means that it would be more economical as land isnt as scarce.The comparison also shows that Spain has lesser Airports, Seaports and a shorter length of road network, which reflects that the accessibility in Spain is inferior to Australias. CONCLUSION Our consultant team has found that Australia would be the more promising country for Asia Pacific Breweries expan sion plans. This is conclusive of our results, which were based on a thorough assessment of thirty-six diverse sub-factors, which are instrumental in successful business expansions. Australia was found to be more favorable in twenty-six out of the thirty-six factors.Australia boasts a relatively slight political risk and has low corruption in the country, which provides a conducive and secure environment for Asia Pacific Breweries to conduct its operations in. Furthermore, agricultural produce in Australia is suitable for the brewing of quality beer, thus Asia Pacific Breweries does not need to source for additional raw materials, which would otherwise incur a huge cost. Australia also has a wide web of transport infrastructure, which would greatly increase the efficiency of Asia Pacific Breweries operations, hence cutting costs.The quality of education in Australia is also of a high standard, producing a workforce that is highly literate. A highly amend work force will not only i ncrease work productivity but also the overall competitiveness and capabilities of Asia Pacific Breweries in Australia. The Australian economy shows no sign of slowing down as GDP growth rates are projected to continue increasing through the years. Additionally, the per capita income in Australia is considerably high, which means that the average Australian is comparatively well to do.As beer is a lifestyle product, a strong, beefy economy coupled with a high standard of living will be able to better complement and boost the sales of beer. After taking into considerations the abovementioned conclusions, the team here at G&T Consultancy would like to offer a recommendation for Asia Pacific Breweries to expand into the Australian market. APPENDIXES Appendix A APBs Shareholdings BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. 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